Fix @tag_args being off-by-one (ahead)

Example:

```
argspec.args=[
  'self',
  'room_id'
]

args=(
  <synapse.storage.databases.main.DataStore object at 0x10d0b8d00>,
  '!HBehERstyQBxyJDLfR:my.synapse.server'
)
```

---

The previous logic was also flawed and we can end up in a situation like this:

```
argspec.args=['self', 'dest', 'room_id', 'limit', 'extremities']

args=(<synapse.federation.federation_client.FederationClient object at 0x7f1651c18160>, 'hs1', '!jAEHKIubyIfuLOdfpY:hs1')
```

From this source:
```py
async def backfill(
    self, dest: str, room_id: str, limit: int, extremities: Collection[str]
) -> Optional[List[EventBase]]:
```

And this usage:
```py
events = await self._federation_client.backfill(
    dest, room_id, limit=limit, extremities=extremities
)
```

which would previously cause this error:
```
synapse_main | 2022-08-04 06:13:12,051 - synapse.handlers.federation - 424 - ERROR - GET-5 - Failed to backfill from hs1 because tuple index out of range
synapse_main | Traceback (most recent call last):
synapse_main |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/synapse/handlers/federation.py", line 392, in try_backfill
synapse_main |     await self._federation_event_handler.backfill(
synapse_main |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/synapse/logging/tracing.py", line 828, in _wrapper
synapse_main |     return await func(*args, **kwargs)
synapse_main |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/synapse/handlers/federation_event.py", line 593, in backfill
synapse_main |     events = await self._federation_client.backfill(
synapse_main |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/synapse/logging/tracing.py", line 828, in _wrapper
synapse_main |     return await func(*args, **kwargs)
synapse_main |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/synapse/logging/tracing.py", line 827, in _wrapper
synapse_main |     with wrapping_logic(func, *args, **kwargs):
synapse_main |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/contextlib.py", line 119, in __enter__
synapse_main |     return next(self.gen)
synapse_main |   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/synapse/logging/tracing.py", line 922, in _wrapping_logic
synapse_main |     set_attribute("ARG_" + arg, str(args[i + 1]))  # type: ignore[index]
synapse_main | IndexError: tuple index out of range
```

* Adds docstrings and inline comments.
* Formats SQL queries using triple quoted strings.
* Minor formatting changes.
* Avoid fetching `event_push_summary_stream_ordering` multiple times
  in the same transactions.

Faster Room Joins: prevent Synapse from answering federated join requests for a room which it has not fully joined yet. (#13416)

Still maintains local in memory lookup optimisation, but does any external
lookup as part of the deferred that prevents duplicate lookups for the same
event at once. This makes the assumption that fetching from an external
cache is a non-zero load operation.

Fixes: #12534

Signed-off-by: Dirk Klimpel <dirk@klimpel.org>

Part of my continuing quest to make the docker images build quicker: copy nginx and redis in from base docker images, rather than apt installing each time.

Co-authored-by: MattC <buffless-matt@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>

In Jaeger:

 - Before: huge list of uncategorized database calls
 - After: nice and collapsible into units of work

Signed-off-by: Andrew Doh <andrewddo@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Morgan <andrewm@element.io>
Co-authored-by: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>

* Improved section regarding server admin

Added steps describing how to elevate an existing user to administrator by manipulating a `postgres` database.

Signed-off-by: jejo86 <28619134+jejo86@users.noreply.github.com>

* Improved section regarding server admin

* Reference database settings

Add instructions to check database settings to find out the database name, instead of listing all available PostgreSQL databases.

* Add suggestions from PR conversation

Replace config filename `homeserver.yaml`. with "config file".
Remove instructions to switch to `postgres` user.
Add instructions how to connect to SQLite database.

* Update changelog.d/13230.doc

Co-authored-by: reivilibre <olivier@librepush.net>

* Update doc for setting `macaroon_secret_key`

* newsfile

Co-authored-by: MattC <buffless-matt@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Brendan Abolivier <babolivier@matrix.org>

Fixes: #13053

Fixes: #13433

Add a `merge-back` command to the release script, which automates merging the correct branches after a release. (#13393)

so that we raise the intended error instead.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@matrix.org>

#13404 removed an import of `Optional` which was still needed
due to #13413 added more usages.

Previously, `_resolve_state_at_missing_prevs` returned the resolved
state before an event and a partial state flag. These were unwieldy to
carry around would only ever be used to build an event context. Build
the event context directly instead.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@matrix.org>

Co-authored-by: Sean Quah <8349537+squahtx@users.noreply.github.com>

Make sure that we re-check the auth rules during state resync, otherwise
rejected events get un-rejected.

Synapse 1.64.0rc2 (2022-07-29)
==============================

This RC reintroduces support for `account_threepid_delegates.email`, which was removed in 1.64.0rc1. It remains deprecated and will be removed altogether in a future release. ([\#13406](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13406))

Reverts commit fa71bb18, and tweaks documentation.

Signed-off-by: 3nprob <git@3n.anonaddy.com>

Signed-off-by: Šimon Brandner <simon.bra.ag@gmail.com>

Implements MSC3848