Signed-off-by: Mathieu Velten <mathieuv@matrix.org>

Not enforced in config yet. One day.

Part of #9744

Removes all redundant `# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-` lines from files, as python 3 automatically reads source code as utf-8 now.

`Signed-off-by: Jonathan de Jong <jonathan@automatia.nl&gt;`>

 - Update black version to the latest
 - Run black auto formatting over the codebase
    - Run autoformatting according to [`docs/code_style.md
`](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/80d6dc9783aa80886a133756028984dbf8920168/docs/code_style.md)
 - Update `code_style.md` docs around installing black to use the correct version

Cached functions accept an `on_invalidate` function, which we failed to add to the type signature. It's rarely used in the files that we have typed, which is why we haven't noticed it before.

This requires adding a mypy plugin to fiddle with the type signatures a bit.