All the information needed is already in the `instance_map`, so
use that instead of passing the hostname / IP & port manually
for each replication request.

This consolidates logic for future improvements of using e.g.
UNIX sockets for workers.

Fix https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15618

### Before

```
2023-05-17 22:51:36-0500 [-] 2023-05-17 22:51:36,889 - synapse.server - 338 - INFO - sentinel - Finished setting up.
```

### After

```
2023-05-19 18:16:20-0500 [-] synapse.server - 338 - INFO - sentinel - Finished setting up.
```


### Dev notes

The `Twisted.Logger` controls the `2023-05-19 18:16:20-0500 [-]` prefix, see : [`twisted/twisted` -> `src/twisted/logger/_format.py#L362-L374`](https://github.com/twisted/twisted/blob/34b161e66bc7c9f9efbb95e82c770a863933e498/src/twisted/logger/_format.py#L362-L374)

And we delegate our logs to the Twisted Logger for the tests which puts it in `_trial_temp/test.log`

The event_fields property in filters should use the proper
escape rules, namely backslashes can be escaped with
an additional backslash.

This adds tests (adapted from matrix-js-sdk) and implements
the logic to properly split the event_fields strings.

* Bump pygithub from 1.58.1 to 1.58.2

Bumps [pygithub](https://github.com/pygithub/pygithub) from 1.58.1 to 1.58.2.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pygithub/pygithub/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/PyGithub/PyGithub/blob/v1.58.2/doc/changes.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/pygithub/pygithub/compare/v1.58.1...v1.58.2

)

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...to try to control memory usage. `HomeServerConfig`s hold on to
many Jinja2 objects, which come out to over 0.5 MiB per config.

Over the course of a full test run, the cache grows to ~360 entries.
Limit it to 8 entries.

Part of #15622.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@matrix.org>

* Bump furo from 2023.3.27 to 2023.5.20

Bumps [furo](https://github.com/pradyunsg/furo) from 2023.3.27 to 2023.5.20.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pradyunsg/furo/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/pradyunsg/furo/blob/main/docs/changelog.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/pradyunsg/furo/compare/2023.03.27...2023.05.20

)

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* Bump sphinx from 6.1.3 to 6.2.1

Bumps [sphinx](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx) from 6.1.3 to 6.2.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/blob/master/CHANGES)
- [Commits](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/compare/v6.1.3...v6.2.1

)

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* Bump types-pillow from 9.5.0.2 to 9.5.0.4

Bumps [types-pillow](https://github.com/python/typeshed) from 9.5.0.2 to 9.5.0.4.
- [Commits](https://github.com/python/typeshed/commits

)

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* Bump types-setuptools from 67.7.0.2 to 67.8.0.0

Bumps [types-setuptools](https://github.com/python/typeshed) from 67.7.0.2 to 67.8.0.0.
- [Commits](https://github.com/python/typeshed/commits

)

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Instrument `state` and `state_group` storage related things (tracing) so it's a little more clear where these database transactions are coming from as there is a lot of wires crossing in these functions.

Part of `/messages` performance investigation: https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13356

You can kinda derive this information from how many `_process_pulled_event` spans there are but it would be nice to quickly glance.

R30v2 has been out since 2021-07-19 (https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/10332)
and we started collecting stats on 2021-08-16. Since it's been over a year now
(almost 2 years), this is enough grace period for us to now rip it out.

Avoid renaming configuration settings for now and rename internal code
to use blocklist and allowlist instead.

To improve the organization of this code it moves the JWT login
checks to a separate handler and then fixes the bug (and a
deprecation warning).

Synapse will no longer send (or respond to) the unstable flags
for faster joins. These were only available behind a configuration
flag and handled in parallel with the stable flags.

This change fixes two memory leaks during `trial` test runs.

Garbage collection is disabled during each test case and a gen-0 GC is
run at the end of each test. However, when the gen-0 GC is run, the
`TestCase` object usually still holds references to the `HomeServer`
used during the test. As a result, the `HomeServer` gets promoted to
gen-1 and then never garbage collected.

Fix this by periodically running full GCs.

Additionally, fix `HomeServer`s leaking after tests that touch inbound
federation due to `FederationRateLimiter`s adding themselves to a global
set, by turning the set into a `WeakSet`.

Resolves #15622.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@matrix.org>

If the previous read marker is pointing to an event that no longer exists
(e.g. due to retention) then assume that the newly given read marker
is newer.

To track changes in MSC2666:

- The change from `/mutual_rooms/{user_id}` to `/mutual_rooms?user_id={user_id}`.
- The addition of `next_batch_token` (and logic).
- Unstable flag now being `uk.half-shot.msc2666.query_mutual_rooms`.
- The error code when your own user is requested.

Do an `apt update` before install packages.

Co-authored-by: Andrew Morgan <1342360+anoadragon453@users.noreply.github.com>

Part of #14809.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@matrix.org>

The second argument of `ConfigError` is a path, passed as an optional
`Iterable[str]` and not a `str`. If a string is passed directly,
Synapse unhelpfully emits "Error in configuration at
a.p.p._.s.e.r.v.i.c.e._.c.o.n.f.i.g._.f.i.l.e.s'" when the config
option has the wrong data type.

Signed-off-by: Sean Quah <seanq@matrix.org>

This allows an external service (e.g. the matrix-authentication-service)
to create devices for users.

There are two situations which were previously not properly checked:

1. If the requested URL was replaced with an oEmbed URL, then the
   oEmbed URL was not checked against url_preview_url_blacklist.
2. Follow-up URLs (either via autodiscovery of oEmbed or to pre-cache
   images) were not checked against url_preview_url_blacklist.

A bunch of comments and variables are out of date and use
obsolete terms.

We use the oldest Python version because later Python versions can include some overloads which don't work in the older versions which we still support.

We're using Python 3.8 instead of 3.7 which is our actual minimum support version because it's EOL is in a matter of weeks so can avoid the extra effort. And in any case, minimum Python 3.8 support is better than winging it on Python 3.11.

* Usage that is compatible with Python 3.8 and 3.11

> Since Python 3.10, instead of passing value and tb, an exception object can
  be passed as the first argument. If value and tb are provided, the first
  argument is ignored in order to provide backwards compatibility.
>
> -- https://docs.python.org/3/library/traceback.html

* Add changelog

Fix the following `mypy` errors when running `mypy` with Python 3.7:
```
synapse/storage/controllers/stats.py:58: error: "Counter" is not subscriptable, use "typing.Counter" instead  [misc]

tests/test_state.py:267: error: "dict" is not subscriptable, use "typing.Dict" instead  [misc]
```

Part of https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/15603

In Python 3.9, `typing` is deprecated and the types are subscriptable (generics) by default, https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/#implementation

* Usage that is compatible with Python 3.8 and 3.11

> Since Python 3.10, instead of passing value and tb, an exception object can
  be passed as the first argument. If value and tb are provided, the first
  argument is ignored in order to provide backwards compatibility.
>
> -- https://docs.python.org/3/library/traceback.html

* Add changelog

This reverts commit 55b08534.

Fix:
```
tests/test_state.py:267: error: "dict" is not subscriptable, use "typing.Dict" instead  [misc]
```

In Python 3.9, `typing` is deprecated and the types are subscriptable (generics) by default,
https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/#implementation