Fix MSC3030 `/timestamp_to_event` returning `outliers` that it has no idea whether are near a gap or not (#14215)

Fix MSC3030 `/timestamp_to_event` endpoint returning `outliers` that it has no idea whether are near a gap or not (and therefore unable to determine whether it's actually the closest event). The reason Synapse doesn't know whether an `outlier` is next to a gap is because our gap checks rely on entries in the `event_edges`, `event_forward_extremeties`, and `event_backward_extremities` tables which is [not the case for `outliers`](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/2c63cdcc3f1aa4625e947de3c23e0a8133c61286/docs/development/room-dag-concepts.md#outliers).

Also fixes MSC3030 Complement `can_paginate_after_getting_remote_event_from_timestamp_to_event_endpoint` test flake.  Although this acted flakey in Complement, if `sync_partial_state` raced and beat us before `/timestamp_to_event`, then even if we retried the failing `/context` request it wouldn't work until we made this Synapse change. With this PR, Synapse will never return an `outlier` event so that test will always go and ask over federation.

Fix  https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13944


### Why did this fail before? Why was it flakey?

Sleuthing the server logs on the [CI failure](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/actions/runs/3149623842/jobs/5121449357#step:5:5805), it looks like `hs2:/timestamp_to_event` found `$NP6-oU7mIFVyhtKfGvfrEQX949hQX-T-gvuauG6eurU` as an `outlier` event locally. Then when we went and asked for it via `/context`, since it's an `outlier`, it was filtered out of the results -> `You don't have permission to access that event.`

This is reproducible when `sync_partial_state` races and persists `$NP6-oU7mIFVyhtKfGvfrEQX949hQX-T-gvuauG6eurU` as an `outlier` before we evaluate `get_event_for_timestamp(...)`. To consistently reproduce locally, just add a delay at the [start of `get_event_for_timestamp(...)`](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/cb20b885cb4bd1648581dd043a184d86fc8c7a00/synapse/handlers/room.py#L1470-L1496) so it always runs after `sync_partial_state` completes.

```py
from twisted.internet import task as twisted_task
d = twisted_task.deferLater(self.hs.get_reactor(), 3.5)
await d
```

In a run where it passes, on `hs2`, `get_event_for_timestamp(...)` finds a different event locally which is next to a gap and we request from a closer one from `hs1` which gets backfilled. And since the backfilled event is not an `outlier`, it's returned as expected during `/context`.

With this PR, Synapse will never return an `outlier` event so that test will always go and ask over federation.

And don't include blank opentracing stuff in device list updates.

Signed-off-by: Aaron Raimist <aaron@raim.ist>

Co-authored-by: David Robertson <david.m.robertson1@gmail.com>

* Bump twisted from 22.4.0 to 22.8.0

Bumps [twisted](https://github.com/twisted/twisted) from 22.4.0 to 22.8.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/twisted/twisted/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/twisted/twisted/blob/trunk/NEWS.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/twisted/twisted/compare/twisted-22.4.0...twisted-22.8.0

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* Bump types-setuptools from 65.4.0.0 to 65.5.0.1

Bumps [types-setuptools](https://github.com/python/typeshed) from 65.4.0.0 to 65.5.0.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/python/typeshed/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/python/typeshed/commits

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* Don't pin dev-deps in pyproject; use lower bounds

This makes it slightly less tedious to update these things via
successive dependabot updates, by reducing the likelihood of a merge
conflict.

* Changelog

* Changelog

This avoids running a forced-update of a null thread_id rows.

An index is added (in the background) to hopefully make this
easier in the future.

* Fix `track_memory_usage` on poetry-core 1.3.x installations

The same kind of problem as discussed in #14085:

1. we defined an extra with an underscore
2. we look it up at runtime with an underscore
3. but poetry-core 1.3.x. installs it with a dash, causing (2) to fail.

Fix by using a dash everywhere.

* Changelog

Also update `subprocess.check_output` to the slightly newer `subprocess.run`.

Signed-off-by: Jason Little <realtyem@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>

Spawned while investigating https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13944

This way we might get some more context whenever an `403 Forbidden - body: {"errcode":"M_FORBIDDEN","error":"You don't have permission to access that event."}` error is produced.

`log_config.yaml`
```yaml
loggers:
    synapse:
        level: INFO

    synapse.visibility:
        level: DEBUG
```

Gated behind an experimental configuration flag.

This should fix a race where the event notification comes in over
replication before the state replication, leaving a window during
which a sync may get an incorrect list of rooms for the user.

* Fix dead link to admin registration API

* Changelog

While https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/13635 stops us from doing the slow thing after we've already done it once, this PR stops us from doing one of the slow things in the first place.

Related to
 - https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13622
    - https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/13635
 - https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13676

Part of https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/13356

Follow-up to https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/13815 which tracks event signature failures.

With this PR, we avoid the call to the costly `_get_state_ids_after_missing_prev_event` because the signature failure will count as an attempt before and we filter events based on the backoff before calling `_get_state_ids_after_missing_prev_event` now.

For example, this will save us 156s out of the 185s total that this `matrix.org` `/messages` request. If you want to see the full Jaeger trace of this, you can drag and drop this `trace.json` into your own Jaeger, https://gist.github.com/MadLittleMods/4b12d0d0afe88c2f65ffcc907306b761

To explain this exact scenario around `/messages` -> backfill, we call `/backfill` and first check the signatures of the 100 events. We see bad signature for `$luA4l7QHhf_jadH3mI-AyFqho0U2Q-IXXUbGSMq6h6M` and `$zuOn2Rd2vsC7SUia3Hp3r6JSkSFKcc5j3QTTqW_0jDw` (both member events). Then we process the 98 events remaining that have valid signatures but one of the events references `$luA4l7QHhf_jadH3mI-AyFqho0U2Q-IXXUbGSMq6h6M` as a `prev_event`. So we have to do the whole `_get_state_ids_after_missing_prev_event` rigmarole which pulls in those same events which fail again because the signatures are still invalid.

 - `backfill`
    - `outgoing-federation-request` `/backfill`
    - `_check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch`
       - `_check_sigs_and_hash_and_fetch_one` for each event received over backfill
          -  `$luA4l7QHhf_jadH3mI-AyFqho0U2Q-IXXUbGSMq6h6M` fails with `Signature on retrieved event was invalid.`: `unable to verify signature for sender domain xxx: 401: Failed to find any key to satisfy: _FetchKeyRequest(...)`
          -  `$zuOn2Rd2vsC7SUia3Hp3r6JSkSFKcc5j3QTTqW_0jDw` fails with `Signature on retrieved event was invalid.`: `unable to verify signature for sender domain xxx: 401: Failed to find any key to satisfy: _FetchKeyRequest(...)`
   - `_process_pulled_events`
      - `_process_pulled_event` for each validated event
         -  Event `$Q0iMdqtz3IJYfZQU2Xk2WjB5NDF8Gg8cFSYYyKQgKJ0` references `$luA4l7QHhf_jadH3mI-AyFqho0U2Q-IXXUbGSMq6h6M` as a `prev_event` which is missing so we try to get it
            - `_get_state_ids_after_missing_prev_event`
               - `outgoing-federation-request` `/state_ids`
               -  `get_pdu` for `$luA4l7QHhf_jadH3mI-AyFqho0U2Q-IXXUbGSMq6h6M` which fails the signature check again
               -  `get_pdu` for `$zuOn2Rd2vsC7SUia3Hp3r6JSkSFKcc5j3QTTqW_0jDw` which fails the signature check

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* Bump types-pillow from 9.2.2 to 9.2.2.1

Bumps [types-pillow](https://github.com/python/typeshed) from 9.2.2 to 9.2.2.1.
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- [Commits](https://github.com/python/typeshed/commits

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The root node of a thread (and events related to it) are considered
"part of a thread" when validating receipts. This allows clients which
show the root node in both the main timeline and the threaded timeline
to easily send receipts in either.

Note that threaded notifications are not created for these events, these
events created notifications on the main timeline.