`room_invite_state_types` was inconvenient as a configuration setting, because
anyone that ever set it would not receive any new types that were added to the
defaults. Here, we deprecate the old setting, and replace it with a couple of
new settings under `room_prejoin_state`.

`uploads_path` was a thing that was never used; most of it was removed in #6628
but a few vestiges remained.

 - Update black version to the latest
 - Run black auto formatting over the codebase
    - Run autoformatting according to [`docs/code_style.md
`](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/80d6dc9783aa80886a133756028984dbf8920168/docs/code_style.md)
 - Update `code_style.md` docs around installing black to use the correct version

This breaks some people's configurations (if their Client-Server API
is not accessed via port 443).

Fixes #8928.

This is now only used in `test_typing`, so move it there.

Changes `@cache_in_self` to use underscore-prefixed attributes.

This implements a more standard API for instantiating a homeserver and
moves some of the dependency injection into the test suite.

More concretely this stops using `setattr` on all `kwargs` passed to `HomeServer`.

This is so we can tell what is going on when things are taking a while to start up.

The main change here is to ensure that transactions that are created during startup get correctly logged like normal transactions.

This ended up being a bit more invasive than I'd hoped for (not helped by
generic_worker duplicating some of the code from homeserver), but hopefully
it's an improvement.

The idea is that, rather than storing unstructured `dict`s in the config for
the listener configurations, we instead parse it into a structured
`ListenerConfig` object.

By persisting the user interactive authentication sessions to the database, this fixes
situations where a user hits different works throughout their auth session and also
allows sessions to persist through restarts of Synapse.

When running the UTs against a postgres deatbase, we need to set the collation
correctly.

* Pull Sentinel out of LoggingContext

... and drop a few unnecessary references to it

* Factor out LoggingContext.current_context

move `current_context` and `set_context` out to top-level functions.

Mostly this means that I can more easily trace what's actually referring to
LoggingContext, but I think it's generally neater.

* move copy-to-parent into `stop`

this really just makes `start` and `stop` more symetric. It also means that it
behaves correctly if you manually `set_log_context` rather than using the
context manager.

* Replace `LoggingContext.alive` with `finished`

Turn `alive` into `finished` and make it a bit better defined.

This is so that we don't have to rely on pulling it out from `current_state_events` table.

This encapsulates config for a given database and is the way to get new
connections.

The expected use case is to suppress MAU limiting on small instances

Python will return a tuple whether there are parentheses around the returned values or not.

I'm just sick of my editor complaining about this all over the place :)

The `expire_access_token` didn't do what it sounded like it should do. What it
actually did was make Synapse enforce the 'time' caveat on macaroons used as
access tokens, but since our access token macaroons never contained such a
caveat, it was always a no-op.

(The code to add 'time' caveats was removed back in v0.18.5, in #1656)

* Fix servlet metric names

Co-Authored-By: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove redundant check

* Cover all return paths

- Put the default window_size back to 1000ms (broken by #5181)
- Make the `rc_federation` config actually do something
- fix an off-by-one error in the 'concurrent' limit
- Avoid creating an unused `_PerHostRatelimiter` object for every single
  incoming request