Document the `SYNAPSE_TEST_PERSIST_SQLITE_DB` unit test env var (#11715)

changelog.d/11715.doc

+Document the new `SYNAPSE_TEST_PERSIST_SQLITE_DB` environment variable in the contributing guide.

docs/development/contributing_guide.md

@@ -169,6 +169,27 @@ To increase the log level for the tests, set `SYNAPSE_TEST_LOG_LEVEL`:
 SYNAPSE_TEST_LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG trial tests
 ```
 
+By default, tests will use an in-memory SQLite database for test data. For additional
+help with debugging, one can use an on-disk SQLite database file instead, in order to
+review database state during and after running tests. This can be done by setting
+the `SYNAPSE_TEST_PERSIST_SQLITE_DB` environment variable. Doing so will cause the
+database state to be stored in a file named `test.db` under the trial process'
+working directory. Typically, this ends up being `_trial_temp/test.db`. For example:
+
+```sh
+SYNAPSE_TEST_PERSIST_SQLITE_DB=1 trial tests
+```
+
+The database file can then be inspected with:
+
+```sh
+sqlite3 _trial_temp/test.db
+```
+
+Note that the database file is cleared at the beginning of each test run. Thus it 
+will always only contain the data generated by the *last run test*. Though generally
+when debugging, one is only running a single test anyway.
+
 ### Running tests under PostgreSQL
 
 Invoking `trial` as above will use an in-memory SQLite database. This is great for