Improve opentracing for incoming HTTP requests (#11618)

* remove `start_active_span_from_request`

Instead, pull out a separate function, `span_context_from_request`, to extract
the parent span, which we can then pass into `start_active_span` as
normal. This seems to be clearer all round.

* Remove redundant tags from `incoming-federation-request`

These are all wrapped up inside a parent span generated in AsyncResource, so
there's no point duplicating all the tags that are set there.

* Leave request spans open until the request completes

It may take some time for the response to be encoded into JSON, and that JSON
to be streamed back to the client, and really we want that inside the top-level
span, so let's hand responsibility for closure to the SynapseRequest.

* opentracing logs for HTTP request events

* changelog