Limit how often GC happens by time. (#9902)

Synapse can be quite memory intensive, and unless care is taken to tune
the GC thresholds it can end up thrashing, causing noticable performance
problems for large servers. We fix this by limiting how often we GC a
given generation, regardless of current counts/thresholds.

This does not help with the reverse problem where the thresholds are set
too high, but that should only happen in situations where they've been
manually configured.

Adds a `gc_min_seconds_between` config option to override the defaults.

Fixes #9890.