Add new method ratelimiter.can_requester_do_action and ensure that appservices are exempt from being ratelimited.

Co-authored-by: Patrick Cloke <clokep@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Erik Johnston <erik@matrix.org>

Signed-off-by: Olivier Wilkinson (reivilibre) <olivier@librepush.net>

Signed-off-by: Olivier Wilkinson (reivilibre) <olivier@librepush.net>

Signed-off-by: Olivier Wilkinson (reivilibre) <olivier@librepush.net>

Signed-off-by: Olivier Wilkinson (reivilibre) <olivier@librepush.net>

Change HomeServer definition to work with typing.

We do this to prevent foot guns. The default config uses a MemoryFilter,
but users are free to change to logging to files directly. If they do
then they have to ensure to set the `filters: [context]` on the right
handler, otherwise records get written with the wrong context.

Instead we move the logic to happen when we generate a record, which is
when we *log* rather than *handle*.

(It's possible to add filters to loggers in the config, however they
don't apply to descendant loggers and so they have to be manually set on
*every* logger used in the code base)

Co-authored-by: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>

We do this to prevent foot guns. The default config uses a MemoryFilter,
but users are free to change to logging to files directly. If they do
then they have to ensure to set the `filters: [context]` on the right
handler, otherwise records get written with the wrong context.

Instead we move the logic to happen when we generate a record, which is
when we *log* rather than *handle*.

(It's possible to add filters to loggers in the config, however they
don't apply to descendant loggers and so they have to be manually set on
*every* logger used in the code base)

c.f. #8021 

A lot of the code here is to change the `Completed 200 OK` logging to include the request URI so that we can drop the `Sending request...` log line.

Some notes:

1. We won't log retries, which may be confusing considering the time taken log line includes retries and sleeps.
2. The `_send_request_with_optional_trailing_slash` will always be logged *without* the forward slash, even if it succeeded only with the forward slash.

* Change default log config to buffer by default.

This batches up writes to the filesystem, which is more efficient for
disk I/O. This means that it can take some time for logs to get written
to disk. Note that ERROR logs (and above) immediately flush the buffer.

This only effects new installs, as we only write the log config if
started with `--generate-config` (in the same way we do for generating
signing keys).

* Default to keeping last 4 days of logs.

This hopefully reduces the amount of logs kept for new servers. Keeping
the last 1GB of logs is likely overkill for new servers, but equally may
not be enough for busy ones.

Instead, we keep the last four days worth of logs, enough so that admins
can investigate any problems that happened over e.g. a long weekend.

Duplicating function signatures between server.py and server.pyi is
silly. This commit changes that by changing all `build_*` methods to
`get_*` methods and changing the `_make_dependency_method` to work work
as a descriptor that caches the produced value.

There are some changes in other files that were made to fix the typing
in server.py.

Hopefully this mostly speaks for itself. I also did a bit of cleaning up of the
error handling.

Fixes #8047

I think this would have caught all the cases in
https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/7642 - and I think a 500 makes
more sense here than a 403

With an undocumented configuration setting to enable them for specific users.