Allow for ignoring some arguments when caching. (#12189)

* `@cached` can now take an `uncached_args` which is an iterable of names to not use in the cache key.
* Requires `@cached`, @cachedList` and `@lru_cache` to use keyword arguments for clarity.
* Asserts that keyword-only arguments in cached functions are not accepted. (I tested this briefly and I don't believe this works properly.)