test_login.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2019-2021 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import time
import urllib.parse
from html.parser import HTMLParser
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

from mock import Mock

import pymacaroons

from twisted.web.resource import Resource

import synapse.rest.admin
from synapse.appservice import ApplicationService
from synapse.rest.client.v1 import login, logout
from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha import devices, register
from synapse.rest.client.v2_alpha.account import WhoamiRestServlet
from synapse.rest.synapse.client.pick_idp import PickIdpResource
from synapse.types import create_requester

from tests import unittest
from tests.handlers.test_oidc import HAS_OIDC
from tests.handlers.test_saml import has_saml2
from tests.rest.client.v1.utils import TEST_OIDC_AUTH_ENDPOINT, TEST_OIDC_CONFIG
from tests.unittest import override_config, skip_unless

try:
    import jwt

    HAS_JWT = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_JWT = False


# public_base_url used in some tests
BASE_URL = "https://synapse/"

# CAS server used in some tests
CAS_SERVER = "https://fake.test"

# just enough to tell pysaml2 where to redirect to
SAML_SERVER = "https://test.saml.server/idp/sso"
TEST_SAML_METADATA = """
<md:EntityDescriptor xmlns:md="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:metadata">
  <md:IDPSSODescriptor protocolSupportEnumeration="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol">
      <md:SingleSignOnService Binding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-Redirect" Location="%(SAML_SERVER)s"/>
  </md:IDPSSODescriptor>
</md:EntityDescriptor>
""" % {
    "SAML_SERVER": SAML_SERVER,
}

LOGIN_URL = b"/_matrix/client/r0/login"
TEST_URL = b"/_matrix/client/r0/account/whoami"


class LoginRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):

    servlets = [
        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
        login.register_servlets,
        logout.register_servlets,
        devices.register_servlets,
        lambda hs, http_server: WhoamiRestServlet(hs).register(http_server),
    ]

    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
        self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver()
        self.hs.config.enable_registration = True
        self.hs.config.registrations_require_3pid = []
        self.hs.config.auto_join_rooms = []
        self.hs.config.enable_registration_captcha = False

        return self.hs

    @override_config(
        {
            "rc_login": {
                "address": {"per_second": 0.17, "burst_count": 5},
                # Prevent the account login ratelimiter from raising first
                #
                # This is normally covered by the default test homeserver config
                # which sets these values to 10000, but as we're overriding the entire
                # rc_login dict here, we need to set this manually as well
                "account": {"per_second": 10000, "burst_count": 10000},
            }
        }
    )
    def test_POST_ratelimiting_per_address(self):
        # Create different users so we're sure not to be bothered by the per-user
        # ratelimiter.
        for i in range(0, 6):
            self.register_user("kermit" + str(i), "monkey")

        for i in range(0, 6):
            params = {
                "type": "m.login.password",
                "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit" + str(i)},
                "password": "monkey",
            }
            channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)

            if i == 5:
                self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"429", channel.result)
                retry_after_ms = int(channel.json_body["retry_after_ms"])
            else:
                self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)

        # Since we're ratelimiting at 1 request/min, retry_after_ms should be lower
        # than 1min.
        self.assertTrue(retry_after_ms < 6000)

        self.reactor.advance(retry_after_ms / 1000.0 + 1.0)

        params = {
            "type": "m.login.password",
            "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit" + str(i)},
            "password": "monkey",
        }
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)

        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)

    @override_config(
        {
            "rc_login": {
                "account": {"per_second": 0.17, "burst_count": 5},
                # Prevent the address login ratelimiter from raising first
                #
                # This is normally covered by the default test homeserver config
                # which sets these values to 10000, but as we're overriding the entire
                # rc_login dict here, we need to set this manually as well
                "address": {"per_second": 10000, "burst_count": 10000},
            }
        }
    )
    def test_POST_ratelimiting_per_account(self):
        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")

        for i in range(0, 6):
            params = {
                "type": "m.login.password",
                "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit"},
                "password": "monkey",
            }
            channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)

            if i == 5:
                self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"429", channel.result)
                retry_after_ms = int(channel.json_body["retry_after_ms"])
            else:
                self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)

        # Since we're ratelimiting at 1 request/min, retry_after_ms should be lower
        # than 1min.
        self.assertTrue(retry_after_ms < 6000)

        self.reactor.advance(retry_after_ms / 1000.0)

        params = {
            "type": "m.login.password",
            "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit"},
            "password": "monkey",
        }
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)

        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)

    @override_config(
        {
            "rc_login": {
                # Prevent the address login ratelimiter from raising first
                #
                # This is normally covered by the default test homeserver config
                # which sets these values to 10000, but as we're overriding the entire
                # rc_login dict here, we need to set this manually as well
                "address": {"per_second": 10000, "burst_count": 10000},
                "failed_attempts": {"per_second": 0.17, "burst_count": 5},
            }
        }
    )
    def test_POST_ratelimiting_per_account_failed_attempts(self):
        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")

        for i in range(0, 6):
            params = {
                "type": "m.login.password",
                "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit"},
                "password": "notamonkey",
            }
            channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)

            if i == 5:
                self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"429", channel.result)
                retry_after_ms = int(channel.json_body["retry_after_ms"])
            else:
                self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)

        # Since we're ratelimiting at 1 request/min, retry_after_ms should be lower
        # than 1min.
        self.assertTrue(retry_after_ms < 6000)

        self.reactor.advance(retry_after_ms / 1000.0 + 1.0)

        params = {
            "type": "m.login.password",
            "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit"},
            "password": "notamonkey",
        }
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)

        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)

    @override_config({"session_lifetime": "24h"})
    def test_soft_logout(self):
        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")

        # we shouldn't be able to make requests without an access token
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL)
        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"401", channel.result)
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_MISSING_TOKEN")

        # log in as normal
        params = {
            "type": "m.login.password",
            "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": "kermit"},
            "password": "monkey",
        }
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)

        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
        access_token = channel.json_body["access_token"]
        device_id = channel.json_body["device_id"]

        # we should now be able to make requests with the access token
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)

        # time passes
        self.reactor.advance(24 * 3600)

        # ... and we should be soft-logouted
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], True)

        #
        # test behaviour after deleting the expired device
        #

        # we now log in as a different device
        access_token_2 = self.login("kermit", "monkey")

        # more requests with the expired token should still return a soft-logout
        self.reactor.advance(3600)
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], True)

        # ... but if we delete that device, it will be a proper logout
        self._delete_device(access_token_2, "kermit", "monkey", device_id)

        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], False)

    def _delete_device(self, access_token, user_id, password, device_id):
        """Perform the UI-Auth to delete a device"""
        channel = self.make_request(
            b"DELETE", "devices/" + device_id, access_token=access_token
        )
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
        # check it's a UI-Auth fail
        self.assertEqual(
            set(channel.json_body.keys()),
            {"flows", "params", "session"},
            channel.result,
        )

        auth = {
            "type": "m.login.password",
            # https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/issues/5665
            # "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": user_id},
            "user": user_id,
            "password": password,
            "session": channel.json_body["session"],
        }

        channel = self.make_request(
            b"DELETE",
            "devices/" + device_id,
            access_token=access_token,
            content={"auth": auth},
        )
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)

    @override_config({"session_lifetime": "24h"})
    def test_session_can_hard_logout_after_being_soft_logged_out(self):
        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")

        # log in as normal
        access_token = self.login("kermit", "monkey")

        # we should now be able to make requests with the access token
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)

        # time passes
        self.reactor.advance(24 * 3600)

        # ... and we should be soft-logouted
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], True)

        # Now try to hard logout this session
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", "/logout", access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)

    @override_config({"session_lifetime": "24h"})
    def test_session_can_hard_logout_all_sessions_after_being_soft_logged_out(self):
        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")

        # log in as normal
        access_token = self.login("kermit", "monkey")

        # we should now be able to make requests with the access token
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 200, channel.result)

        # time passes
        self.reactor.advance(24 * 3600)

        # ... and we should be soft-logouted
        channel = self.make_request(b"GET", TEST_URL, access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.code, 401, channel.result)
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_UNKNOWN_TOKEN")
        self.assertEquals(channel.json_body["soft_logout"], True)

        # Now try to hard log out all of the user's sessions
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", "/logout/all", access_token=access_token)
        self.assertEquals(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)


@skip_unless(has_saml2 and HAS_OIDC, "Requires SAML2 and OIDC")
class MultiSSOTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
    """Tests for homeservers with multiple SSO providers enabled"""

    servlets = [
        login.register_servlets,
    ]

    def default_config(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        config = super().default_config()

        config["public_baseurl"] = BASE_URL

        config["cas_config"] = {
            "enabled": True,
            "server_url": CAS_SERVER,
            "service_url": "https://matrix.goodserver.com:8448",
        }

        config["saml2_config"] = {
            "sp_config": {
                "metadata": {"inline": [TEST_SAML_METADATA]},
                # use the XMLSecurity backend to avoid relying on xmlsec1
                "crypto_backend": "XMLSecurity",
            },
        }

        config["oidc_config"] = TEST_OIDC_CONFIG

        return config

    def create_resource_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Resource]:
        d = super().create_resource_dict()
        d["/_synapse/client/pick_idp"] = PickIdpResource(self.hs)
        return d

    def test_multi_sso_redirect(self):
        """/login/sso/redirect should redirect to an identity picker"""
        client_redirect_url = "https://x?<abc>"

        # first hit the redirect url, which should redirect to our idp picker
        channel = self.make_request(
            "GET",
            "/_matrix/client/r0/login/sso/redirect?redirectUrl=" + client_redirect_url,
        )
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 302, channel.result)
        uri = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")[0]

        # hitting that picker should give us some HTML
        channel = self.make_request("GET", uri)
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)

        # parse the form to check it has fields assumed elsewhere in this class
        class FormPageParser(HTMLParser):
            def __init__(self):
                super().__init__()

                # the values of the hidden inputs: map from name to value
                self.hiddens = {}  # type: Dict[str, Optional[str]]

                # the values of the radio buttons
                self.radios = []  # type: List[Optional[str]]

            def handle_starttag(
                self, tag: str, attrs: Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]
            ) -> None:
                attr_dict = dict(attrs)
                if tag == "input":
                    if attr_dict["type"] == "radio" and attr_dict["name"] == "idp":
                        self.radios.append(attr_dict["value"])
                    elif attr_dict["type"] == "hidden":
                        input_name = attr_dict["name"]
                        assert input_name
                        self.hiddens[input_name] = attr_dict["value"]

            def error(_, message):
                self.fail(message)

        p = FormPageParser()
        p.feed(channel.result["body"].decode("utf-8"))
        p.close()

        self.assertCountEqual(p.radios, ["cas", "oidc", "saml"])

        self.assertEqual(p.hiddens["redirectUrl"], client_redirect_url)

    def test_multi_sso_redirect_to_cas(self):
        """If CAS is chosen, should redirect to the CAS server"""
        client_redirect_url = "https://x?<abc>"

        channel = self.make_request(
            "GET",
            "/_synapse/client/pick_idp?redirectUrl=" + client_redirect_url + "&idp=cas",
            shorthand=False,
        )
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 302, channel.result)
        cas_uri = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")[0]
        cas_uri_path, cas_uri_query = cas_uri.split("?", 1)

        # it should redirect us to the login page of the cas server
        self.assertEqual(cas_uri_path, CAS_SERVER + "/login")

        # check that the redirectUrl is correctly encoded in the service param - ie, the
        # place that CAS will redirect to
        cas_uri_params = urllib.parse.parse_qs(cas_uri_query)
        service_uri = cas_uri_params["service"][0]
        _, service_uri_query = service_uri.split("?", 1)
        service_uri_params = urllib.parse.parse_qs(service_uri_query)
        self.assertEqual(service_uri_params["redirectUrl"][0], client_redirect_url)

    def test_multi_sso_redirect_to_saml(self):
        """If SAML is chosen, should redirect to the SAML server"""
        client_redirect_url = "https://x?<abc>"

        channel = self.make_request(
            "GET",
            "/_synapse/client/pick_idp?redirectUrl="
            + client_redirect_url
            + "&idp=saml",
        )
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 302, channel.result)
        saml_uri = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")[0]
        saml_uri_path, saml_uri_query = saml_uri.split("?", 1)

        # it should redirect us to the login page of the SAML server
        self.assertEqual(saml_uri_path, SAML_SERVER)

        # the RelayState is used to carry the client redirect url
        saml_uri_params = urllib.parse.parse_qs(saml_uri_query)
        relay_state_param = saml_uri_params["RelayState"][0]
        self.assertEqual(relay_state_param, client_redirect_url)

    def test_multi_sso_redirect_to_oidc(self):
        """If OIDC is chosen, should redirect to the OIDC auth endpoint"""
        client_redirect_url = "https://x?<abc>"

        channel = self.make_request(
            "GET",
            "/_synapse/client/pick_idp?redirectUrl="
            + client_redirect_url
            + "&idp=oidc",
        )
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 302, channel.result)
        oidc_uri = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")[0]
        oidc_uri_path, oidc_uri_query = oidc_uri.split("?", 1)

        # it should redirect us to the auth page of the OIDC server
        self.assertEqual(oidc_uri_path, TEST_OIDC_AUTH_ENDPOINT)

        # ... and should have set a cookie including the redirect url
        cookies = dict(
            h.split(";")[0].split("=", maxsplit=1)
            for h in channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Set-Cookie")
        )

        oidc_session_cookie = cookies["oidc_session"]
        macaroon = pymacaroons.Macaroon.deserialize(oidc_session_cookie)
        self.assertEqual(
            self._get_value_from_macaroon(macaroon, "client_redirect_url"),
            client_redirect_url,
        )

    def test_multi_sso_redirect_to_unknown(self):
        """An unknown IdP should cause a 400"""
        channel = self.make_request(
            "GET", "/_synapse/client/pick_idp?redirectUrl=http://x&idp=xyz",
        )
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 400, channel.result)

    @staticmethod
    def _get_value_from_macaroon(macaroon: pymacaroons.Macaroon, key: str) -> str:
        prefix = key + " = "
        for caveat in macaroon.caveats:
            if caveat.caveat_id.startswith(prefix):
                return caveat.caveat_id[len(prefix) :]
        raise ValueError("No %s caveat in macaroon" % (key,))


class CASTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):

    servlets = [
        login.register_servlets,
    ]

    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
        self.base_url = "https://matrix.goodserver.com/"
        self.redirect_path = "_synapse/client/login/sso/redirect/confirm"

        config = self.default_config()
        config["cas_config"] = {
            "enabled": True,
            "server_url": CAS_SERVER,
            "service_url": "https://matrix.goodserver.com:8448",
        }

        cas_user_id = "username"
        self.user_id = "@%s:test" % cas_user_id

        async def get_raw(uri, args):
            """Return an example response payload from a call to the `/proxyValidate`
            endpoint of a CAS server, copied from
            https://apereo.github.io/cas/5.0.x/protocol/CAS-Protocol-V2-Specification.html#26-proxyvalidate-cas-20

            This needs to be returned by an async function (as opposed to set as the
            mock's return value) because the corresponding Synapse code awaits on it.
            """
            return (
                """
                <cas:serviceResponse xmlns:cas='http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas'>
                  <cas:authenticationSuccess>
                      <cas:user>%s</cas:user>
                      <cas:proxyGrantingTicket>PGTIOU-84678-8a9d...</cas:proxyGrantingTicket>
                      <cas:proxies>
                          <cas:proxy>https://proxy2/pgtUrl</cas:proxy>
                          <cas:proxy>https://proxy1/pgtUrl</cas:proxy>
                      </cas:proxies>
                  </cas:authenticationSuccess>
                </cas:serviceResponse>
            """
                % cas_user_id
            ).encode("utf-8")

        mocked_http_client = Mock(spec=["get_raw"])
        mocked_http_client.get_raw.side_effect = get_raw

        self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver(
            config=config, proxied_http_client=mocked_http_client,
        )

        return self.hs

    def prepare(self, reactor, clock, hs):
        self.deactivate_account_handler = hs.get_deactivate_account_handler()

    def test_cas_redirect_confirm(self):
        """Tests that the SSO login flow serves a confirmation page before redirecting a
        user to the redirect URL.
        """
        base_url = "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket?redirectUrl"
        redirect_url = "https://dodgy-site.com/"

        url_parts = list(urllib.parse.urlparse(base_url))
        query = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(url_parts[4]))
        query.update({"redirectUrl": redirect_url})
        query.update({"ticket": "ticket"})
        url_parts[4] = urllib.parse.urlencode(query)
        cas_ticket_url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(url_parts)

        # Get Synapse to call the fake CAS and serve the template.
        channel = self.make_request("GET", cas_ticket_url)

        # Test that the response is HTML.
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 200, channel.result)
        content_type_header_value = ""
        for header in channel.result.get("headers", []):
            if header[0] == b"Content-Type":
                content_type_header_value = header[1].decode("utf8")

        self.assertTrue(content_type_header_value.startswith("text/html"))

        # Test that the body isn't empty.
        self.assertTrue(len(channel.result["body"]) > 0)

        # And that it contains our redirect link
        self.assertIn(redirect_url, channel.result["body"].decode("UTF-8"))

    @override_config(
        {
            "sso": {
                "client_whitelist": [
                    "https://legit-site.com/",
                    "https://other-site.com/",
                ]
            }
        }
    )
    def test_cas_redirect_whitelisted(self):
        """Tests that the SSO login flow serves a redirect to a whitelisted url"""
        self._test_redirect("https://legit-site.com/")

    @override_config({"public_baseurl": "https://example.com"})
    def test_cas_redirect_login_fallback(self):
        self._test_redirect("https://example.com/_matrix/static/client/login")

    def _test_redirect(self, redirect_url):
        """Tests that the SSO login flow serves a redirect for the given redirect URL."""
        cas_ticket_url = (
            "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket?redirectUrl=%s&ticket=ticket"
            % (urllib.parse.quote(redirect_url))
        )

        # Get Synapse to call the fake CAS and serve the template.
        channel = self.make_request("GET", cas_ticket_url)

        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 302)
        location_headers = channel.headers.getRawHeaders("Location")
        self.assertEqual(location_headers[0][: len(redirect_url)], redirect_url)

    @override_config({"sso": {"client_whitelist": ["https://legit-site.com/"]}})
    def test_deactivated_user(self):
        """Logging in as a deactivated account should error."""
        redirect_url = "https://legit-site.com/"

        # First login (to create the user).
        self._test_redirect(redirect_url)

        # Deactivate the account.
        self.get_success(
            self.deactivate_account_handler.deactivate_account(
                self.user_id, False, create_requester(self.user_id)
            )
        )

        # Request the CAS ticket.
        cas_ticket_url = (
            "/_matrix/client/r0/login/cas/ticket?redirectUrl=%s&ticket=ticket"
            % (urllib.parse.quote(redirect_url))
        )

        # Get Synapse to call the fake CAS and serve the template.
        channel = self.make_request("GET", cas_ticket_url)

        # Because the user is deactivated they are served an error template.
        self.assertEqual(channel.code, 403)
        self.assertIn(b"SSO account deactivated", channel.result["body"])


@skip_unless(HAS_JWT, "requires jwt")
class JWTTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
    servlets = [
        synapse.rest.admin.register_servlets_for_client_rest_resource,
        login.register_servlets,
    ]

    jwt_secret = "secret"
    jwt_algorithm = "HS256"

    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
        self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver()
        self.hs.config.jwt_enabled = True
        self.hs.config.jwt_secret = self.jwt_secret
        self.hs.config.jwt_algorithm = self.jwt_algorithm
        return self.hs

    def jwt_encode(self, payload: Dict[str, Any], secret: str = jwt_secret) -> str:
        # PyJWT 2.0.0 changed the return type of jwt.encode from bytes to str.
        result = jwt.encode(
            payload, secret, self.jwt_algorithm
        )  # type: Union[str, bytes]
        if isinstance(result, bytes):
            return result.decode("ascii")
        return result

    def jwt_login(self, *args):
        params = {"type": "org.matrix.login.jwt", "token": self.jwt_encode(*args)}
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)
        return channel

    def test_login_jwt_valid_registered(self):
        self.register_user("kermit", "monkey")
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], "@kermit:test")

    def test_login_jwt_valid_unregistered(self):
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "frog"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], "@frog:test")

    def test_login_jwt_invalid_signature(self):
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "frog"}, "notsecret")
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"],
            "JWT validation failed: Signature verification failed",
        )

    def test_login_jwt_expired(self):
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "frog", "exp": 864000})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"], "JWT validation failed: Signature has expired"
        )

    def test_login_jwt_not_before(self):
        now = int(time.time())
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "frog", "nbf": now + 3600})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"],
            "JWT validation failed: The token is not yet valid (nbf)",
        )

    def test_login_no_sub(self):
        channel = self.jwt_login({"username": "root"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["error"], "Invalid JWT")

    @override_config(
        {
            "jwt_config": {
                "jwt_enabled": True,
                "secret": jwt_secret,
                "algorithm": jwt_algorithm,
                "issuer": "test-issuer",
            }
        }
    )
    def test_login_iss(self):
        """Test validating the issuer claim."""
        # A valid issuer.
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit", "iss": "test-issuer"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], "@kermit:test")

        # An invalid issuer.
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit", "iss": "invalid"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"], "JWT validation failed: Invalid issuer"
        )

        # Not providing an issuer.
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"],
            'JWT validation failed: Token is missing the "iss" claim',
        )

    def test_login_iss_no_config(self):
        """Test providing an issuer claim without requiring it in the configuration."""
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit", "iss": "invalid"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], "@kermit:test")

    @override_config(
        {
            "jwt_config": {
                "jwt_enabled": True,
                "secret": jwt_secret,
                "algorithm": jwt_algorithm,
                "audiences": ["test-audience"],
            }
        }
    )
    def test_login_aud(self):
        """Test validating the audience claim."""
        # A valid audience.
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit", "aud": "test-audience"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], "@kermit:test")

        # An invalid audience.
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit", "aud": "invalid"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"], "JWT validation failed: Invalid audience"
        )

        # Not providing an audience.
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"],
            'JWT validation failed: Token is missing the "aud" claim',
        )

    def test_login_aud_no_config(self):
        """Test providing an audience without requiring it in the configuration."""
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit", "aud": "invalid"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"], "JWT validation failed: Invalid audience"
        )

    def test_login_no_token(self):
        params = {"type": "org.matrix.login.jwt"}
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["error"], "Token field for JWT is missing")


# The JWTPubKeyTestCase is a complement to JWTTestCase where we instead use
# RSS256, with a public key configured in synapse as "jwt_secret", and tokens
# signed by the private key.
@skip_unless(HAS_JWT, "requires jwt")
class JWTPubKeyTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
    servlets = [
        login.register_servlets,
    ]

    # This key's pubkey is used as the jwt_secret setting of synapse. Valid
    # tokens are signed by this and validated using the pubkey. It is generated
    # with `openssl genrsa 512` (not a secure way to generate real keys, but
    # good enough for tests!)
    jwt_privatekey = "\n".join(
        [
            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",
            "MIIBPAIBAAJBAM50f1Q5gsdmzifLstzLHb5NhfajiOt7TKO1vSEWdq7u9x8SMFiB",
            "492RM9W/XFoh8WUfL9uL6Now6tPRDsWv3xsCAwEAAQJAUv7OOSOtiU+wzJq82rnk",
            "yR4NHqt7XX8BvkZPM7/+EjBRanmZNSp5kYZzKVaZ/gTOM9+9MwlmhidrUOweKfB/",
            "kQIhAPZwHazbjo7dYlJs7wPQz1vd+aHSEH+3uQKIysebkmm3AiEA1nc6mDdmgiUq",
            "TpIN8A4MBKmfZMWTLq6z05y/qjKyxb0CIQDYJxCwTEenIaEa4PdoJl+qmXFasVDN",
            "ZU0+XtNV7yul0wIhAMI9IhiStIjS2EppBa6RSlk+t1oxh2gUWlIh+YVQfZGRAiEA",
            "tqBR7qLZGJ5CVKxWmNhJZGt1QHoUtOch8t9C4IdOZ2g=",
            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",
        ]
    )

    # Generated with `openssl rsa -in foo.key -pubout`, with the the above
    # private key placed in foo.key (jwt_privatekey).
    jwt_pubkey = "\n".join(
        [
            "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----",
            "MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAM50f1Q5gsdmzifLstzLHb5NhfajiOt7",
            "TKO1vSEWdq7u9x8SMFiB492RM9W/XFoh8WUfL9uL6Now6tPRDsWv3xsCAwEAAQ==",
            "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----",
        ]
    )

    # This key is used to sign tokens that shouldn't be accepted by synapse.
    # Generated just like jwt_privatekey.
    bad_privatekey = "\n".join(
        [
            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",
            "MIIBOgIBAAJBAL//SQrKpKbjCCnv/FlasJCv+t3k/MPsZfniJe4DVFhsktF2lwQv",
            "gLjmQD3jBUTz+/FndLSBvr3F4OHtGL9O/osCAwEAAQJAJqH0jZJW7Smzo9ShP02L",
            "R6HRZcLExZuUrWI+5ZSP7TaZ1uwJzGFspDrunqaVoPobndw/8VsP8HFyKtceC7vY",
            "uQIhAPdYInDDSJ8rFKGiy3Ajv5KWISBicjevWHF9dbotmNO9AiEAxrdRJVU+EI9I",
            "eB4qRZpY6n4pnwyP0p8f/A3NBaQPG+cCIFlj08aW/PbxNdqYoBdeBA0xDrXKfmbb",
            "iwYxBkwL0JCtAiBYmsi94sJn09u2Y4zpuCbJeDPKzWkbuwQh+W1fhIWQJQIhAKR0",
            "KydN6cRLvphNQ9c/vBTdlzWxzcSxREpguC7F1J1m",
            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",
        ]
    )

    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
        self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver()
        self.hs.config.jwt_enabled = True
        self.hs.config.jwt_secret = self.jwt_pubkey
        self.hs.config.jwt_algorithm = "RS256"
        return self.hs

    def jwt_encode(self, payload: Dict[str, Any], secret: str = jwt_privatekey) -> str:
        # PyJWT 2.0.0 changed the return type of jwt.encode from bytes to str.
        result = jwt.encode(payload, secret, "RS256")  # type: Union[bytes,str]
        if isinstance(result, bytes):
            return result.decode("ascii")
        return result

    def jwt_login(self, *args):
        params = {"type": "org.matrix.login.jwt", "token": self.jwt_encode(*args)}
        channel = self.make_request(b"POST", LOGIN_URL, params)
        return channel

    def test_login_jwt_valid(self):
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "kermit"})
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"200", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["user_id"], "@kermit:test")

    def test_login_jwt_invalid_signature(self):
        channel = self.jwt_login({"sub": "frog"}, self.bad_privatekey)
        self.assertEqual(channel.result["code"], b"403", channel.result)
        self.assertEqual(channel.json_body["errcode"], "M_FORBIDDEN")
        self.assertEqual(
            channel.json_body["error"],
            "JWT validation failed: Signature verification failed",
        )


AS_USER = "as_user_alice"


class AppserviceLoginRestServletTestCase(unittest.HomeserverTestCase):
    servlets = [
        login.register_servlets,
        register.register_servlets,
    ]

    def register_as_user(self, username):
        self.make_request(
            b"POST",
            "/_matrix/client/r0/register?access_token=%s" % (self.service.token,),
            {"username": username},
        )

    def make_homeserver(self, reactor, clock):
        self.hs = self.setup_test_homeserver()

        self.service = ApplicationService(
            id="unique_identifier",
            token="some_token",
            hostname="example.com",
            sender="@asbot:example.com",
            namespaces={
                ApplicationService.NS_USERS: [
                    {"regex": r"@as_user.*", "exclusive": False}
                ],
                ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS: [],
                ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES: [],
            },
        )
        self.another_service = ApplicationService(
            id="another__identifier",
            token="another_token",
            hostname="example.com",
            sender="@as2bot:example.com",
            namespaces={
                ApplicationService.NS_USERS: [
                    {"regex": r"@as2_user.*", "exclusive": False}
                ],
                ApplicationService.NS_ROOMS: [],
                ApplicationService.NS_ALIASES: [],
            },
        )

        self.hs.get_datastore().services_cache.append(self.service)
        self.hs.get_datastore().services_cache.append(self.another_service)
        return self.hs

    def test_login_appservice_user(self):
        """Test that an appservice user can use /login"""
        self.register_as_user(AS_USER)

        params = {
            "type": login.LoginRestServlet.APPSERVICE_TYPE,
            "identifier": {"type": "m.id.user", "user": AS_USER},